introduction

As a long-time owner of large dogs, I have a deep connection to the topic of their longevity. This special connection has led me to research the science behind the lifespan of these impressive animals. In this newsletter, I would like to share some insights and tips that can help any dog ​​owner improve the health and well-being of their animal companion.

Rapid growth and DNA mutations

Large dog breeds go through a period of rapid growth, which leads to more frequent cell division and therefore an increased risk of DNA mutations. These mutations can increase the risk of cancer. The rapid growth rate of large dogs leads to increased energy requirements and metabolic changes, which in turn contribute to greater cell proliferation. Studies show that the incidence of cancer is significantly higher in large dogs compared to smaller breeds, which is due to the greater number of cell divisions and the associated susceptibility to errors in the genetic material.

Increased energy requirements and metabolic changes

Rapid growth requires a high energy expenditure. Large dogs must eat more food to provide the energy to build tissue. This increased metabolism can lead to increased production of byproducts that can damage cells. These byproducts, often referred to as free radicals, can cause further DNA damage if they are not effectively neutralized.

Overfeeding in puppyhood

Another important factor affecting the health and longevity of large dogs is nutrition during puppyhood. Overfeeding during this critical period can further accelerate the already accelerated growth. Growth that is too fast puts additional strain on the young body and leads to even more frequent cell division, which increases the risk of DNA mutations and thus cancer.

Overfeeding can also increase the risk of skeletal disorders such as hip dysplasia, as the rapidly developing bones and joints do not have enough time to form and strengthen properly. In addition, excess weight caused by overfeeding can lead to a variety of health problems such as diabetes, heart disease and joint problems.

Research on IGF-1

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is a hormone that plays an important role in the growth and development of dogs. High IGF-1 levels are associated with rapid growth and large body size, which is common in large breed dogs. However, high IGF-1 levels can also increase the risk of cancer because it stimulates cell division and inhibits natural cell death. Loyal.com is conducting extensive research into the effects of IGF-1 on dog health and longevity to find ways to mitigate the negative effects of this hormone. This could lead to new therapies specifically aimed at improving the quality and length of life of large dogs by better regulating IGF-1 levels.

Selective Breeding and Health

Breeding large dog breeds with an emphasis on body size can have unintended health side effects. Selective breeding has produced a variety of breeds designed to meet specific aesthetic or functional standards, but this often results in inadvertently increasing genetic defects and health problems.

Effects of selective breeding

Selective breeding involves deliberately mating dogs to enhance certain traits, such as size, coat color, or body type. Although this may result in desired aesthetic or functional characteristics, there is an increased risk that harmful genes will also be passed on. This can lead to a higher prevalence of hereditary diseases and genetic defects within the breed. Large dog breeds such as Great Danes, Saint Bernards, and Irish Wolfhounds are particularly prone to a number of genetic conditions, including heart disease, hip dysplasia, and certain cancers.

inbreeding depression

Another important aspect of selective breeding is inbreeding depression, which occurs when closely related animals are bred for multiple generations. This practice reduces genetic diversity within a population and increases the likelihood of harmful recessive genes being expressed. Reduced genetic diversity weakens the immune system and reduces dogs' ability to adapt to environmental changes, making them more susceptible to disease.

studies on genetic diversity

A study of genetic diversity in dogs shows that inbreeding depression plays a significant role in susceptibility to disease. The researchers found that dogs with low genetic diversity suffer more health problems than those with a broader genetic base. The results underscore the need to promote genetic diversity in breeding programs to improve the overall health and longevity of dogs.

Practical consequences for breeders and owners

For breeders, this means that they should use responsible breeding practices that promote genetic diversity and minimize the risk of genetic defects. This can be achieved by using genetic testing and avoiding close inbreeding.

life story optimization

This theory states that there is a trade-off between allocating energy to growth and early reproduction on the one hand, and the development of a good immune system, cell repair and longevity on the other. Large dogs that invest a lot of energy in growth have fewer resources for developing a strong immune system or cell repair. Research suggests that this energetic trade-off affects lifespan and that interventions that affect energy balance have the potential to improve health and longevity.

Practical consequences for dog owners

For large breed dog owners, this means that special attention should be paid to the nutrition and general health of their dogs. A balanced diet rich in antioxidants can help neutralize free radicals and thus reduce DNA damage. In particular, feeding during puppyhood should be closely monitored to ensure that dogs are not overfed, which could further accelerate their already rapid growth.

Regular veterinary checkups and preventative measures are also important to detect and treat health problems early. By understanding these factors and taking appropriate action, we can help improve the health and lifespan of our large dogs.

Other interesting projects on the topic of longevity in dogs:

1) Loyal.com: Research into extending lifespan in dogs

Loyal.com is a company dedicated to researching and developing solutions to extend the lifespan and improve the health of dogs. The company works closely with scientists and veterinarians to understand the biological mechanisms of aging and develop targeted interventions. One of Loyal.com's main initiatives is the development of nutritional supplements and medications specifically tailored to the needs of older dogs.

research results from Loyal.com

Loyal.com's research has revealed some promising approaches. Key findings include:

1. Cellular senescence: Loyal.com is studying how the accumulation of senescent cells - cells that no longer divide and release harmful molecules - affects the health and longevity of dogs. By developing agents that specifically remove these cells or mitigate their harmful effects, they hope to slow aging and reduce age-related diseases. These senescent cells contribute to aging by releasing inflammatory cytokines and other harmful molecules that damage surrounding tissue and impair function.

2. Mitochondrial function: Another line of research involves improving mitochondrial function. Mitochondria are the energy centers of cells, and their efficiency declines with age. Loyal.com is working on therapies that improve mitochondrial function to increase overall vitality and lifespan in dogs. Improved mitochondrial health can help optimize energy production and support cellular function, which in turn promotes overall health.

3. anti-inflammatory: Chronic inflammation plays a key role in many age-related diseases. Loyal.com is researching substances that have anti-inflammatory properties and can help improve the health and quality of life of older dogs. These substances aim to reduce the inflammatory state in the body, which can slow the development of diseases such as arthritis, heart disease and cognitive impairment.

4. Genetic and epigenetic factors: Loyal.com analyzes genetic and epigenetic patterns to understand how they affect lifespan. These insights could lead to the development of personalized health strategies for dogs based on their individual genetic profiles. By understanding the genetic predispositions and epigenetic changes associated with aging, Loyal.com can develop targeted interventions that promote health and longevity.

5. Research on IGF-1 from Loyal.com Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) is a hormone that plays an essential role in the growth and development of dogs. High levels of IGF-1 are associated with rapid growth and large body size, which is common in large breed dogs. Loyal.com is conducting extensive research into the effects of IGF-1 on dog health and longevity to find ways to mitigate the negative effects of this hormone.

   Importance of IGF-1

   IGF-1 is a peptide hormone that acts similarly to insulin and promotes both the growth and differentiation of cells.It is produced in the liver in response to growth hormone (GH) and plays a crucial role in regulating the growth of bones and muscles. In large dog breeds, high production of IGF-1 leads to rapid growth and large body size.

   Health risks from high IGF-1 levels

   However, high IGF-1 levels can also have negative effects:

   • Increased cancer risk: IGF-1 stimulates cell division and inhibits natural cell death (apoptosis). This can cause damaged cells to multiply uncontrollably, increasing the risk of developing cancer.
   • Shortened lifespan: Studies have shown that high IGF-1 levels may be associated with a shortened lifespan because they increase susceptibility to age-related diseases.

   Loyal.com's research focus

   Loyal.com investigates various aspects of IGF-1 regulation to reduce the negative effects of this hormone and improve the health and longevity of large dogs:

   1. Genetic factors: Researchers are analyzing genetic variations that affect IGF-1 production and activity. The goal is to identify genetic markers associated with increased IGF-1 levels and increased susceptibility to disease.

   2. regulation of IGF-1 levels: Loyal.com is working on developing therapies aimed at regulating IGF-1 levels in dogs' bodies. These include medications and supplements that reduce IGF-1 production or modify the hormone's effect on cells.

   3. Dietary interventions: An important line of research is examining how certain nutritional strategies can affect IGF-1 levels. A balanced diet tailored to the specific needs of large dogs can help control IGF-1 production and reduce the risk of health problems.

   4. preventive health measures: Loyal.com explores preventative measures that dog owners can take to promote the health of their dogs. This includes regular veterinary check-ups, special diets and tailored exercise programs aimed at keeping IGF-1 levels balanced.

   Practical Applications

   The insights gained from research into IGF-1 could lead to new therapies specifically aimed at improving the quality and length of life of large dogs. Regulating IGF-1 levels could reduce the risk of cancer and promote overall health.

   For more information about Loyal.com’s research and approaches, visit their website: Loyal.com.

Why Large Breeds Have a Shorter Lifespan: Interviews and Explanations

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2) The Dog Aging Project

The Dog Aging Project is a groundbreaking scientific initiative launched in 2018. This ambitious project aims to understand the factors that influence aging and lifespan in dogs.It involves studying tens of thousands of dogs of different sizes, breeds and backgrounds throughout their lives to develop a comprehensive picture of canine health and aging.

goals and approaches

1. Genetic analyses: The Dog Aging Project is sequencing the genomes of 10,000 dogs to identify the genetic differences that contribute to longevity and healthy aging. A particular focus is on so-called "super-centenarian" dogs, dogs that live exceptionally long. By comparing these dogs to those that reach an average age for their breed, researchers hope to find genetic markers associated with an extended lifespan.

2. Open Science: A key feature of the project is its open data policy. All data collected will be anonymized and made available to the scientific community worldwide. This is intended to encourage collaboration and accelerate research by allowing scientists from different disciplines to use the data to gain new insights.

3. Interdisciplinary Research: The project brings together experts from different disciplines, including genetics, veterinary medicine, biology and computer science. This interdisciplinary approach makes it possible to look at ageing from different angles and develop more comprehensive solutions.

4. participation of dog owners: The Dog Aging Project is a citizen science project that relies heavily on the participation of dog owners, who contribute by providing regular reports on their dogs' health, behavior, and environment. Such information is critical to gaining a complete picture of the factors that influence aging.

Important research results

The findings of the Dog Aging Project so far are promising:

• influence of genetics: Initial studies show that certain genetic patterns strongly correlate with lifespan and susceptibility to age-related diseases.
• health measures: Evidence has been found that specific health interventions and nutritional strategies can reduce the risk of age-related diseases and improve the quality of life.

significance and future prospects

The Dog Aging Project has the potential to significantly impact veterinary medicine and aging research. By gaining a deeper understanding of the biological mechanisms that influence aging, new therapies and prevention strategies could be developed that could benefit not only dogs but humans as well.

For more information about the Dog Aging Project and details on how to participate, visit the project’s official website: https://dogagingproject.org/